feat(tui): use TermResponse event for OSC responses (#25868)

When the terminal emulator sends an OSC sequence to Nvim (as a response
to another OSC sequence that was first sent by Nvim), populate the OSC
sequence in the v:termresponse variable and fire the TermResponse event.
The escape sequence is also included in the "data" field of the
autocommand callback when the autocommand is defined in Lua.

This makes use of the already documented but unimplemented TermResponse
event. This event exists in Vim but is only fired when Vim receives a
primary device attributes response.

Fixes: https://github.com/neovim/neovim/issues/25856

runtime/doc/api.txt

@@ -3591,6 +3591,21 @@ nvim_ui_set_option({name}, {value})                     *nvim_ui_set_option()*
     Attributes: ~
         |RPC| only
 
+nvim_ui_term_event({event}, {value})                    *nvim_ui_term_event()*
+    Tells Nvim when a terminal event has occurred.
+
+    The following terminal events are supported:
+
+    • "osc_response": The terminal sent a OSC response sequence to Nvim. The
+      payload is the received OSC sequence.
+
+    Attributes: ~
+        |RPC| only
+
+    Parameters: ~
+      • {event}    Event name
+      • {payload}  Event payload
+
 nvim_ui_try_resize({width}, {height})                   *nvim_ui_try_resize()*
     TODO: Documentation
 

runtime/doc/autocmd.txt

@@ -987,12 +987,25 @@ TermClose			When a |terminal| job ends.
 				Sets these |v:event| keys:
 				    status
 							*TermResponse*
-TermResponse			After the response to t_RV is received from
-				the terminal.  The value of |v:termresponse|
-				can be used to do things depending on the
-				terminal version.  May be triggered halfway
-				through another event (file I/O, a shell
-				command, or anything else that takes time).
+TermResponse			When Nvim receives a OSC response from the
+				terminal.  Sets |v:termresponse|. When used
+				from Lua, the response string is included in
+				the "data" field of the autocommand callback.
+				May be triggered halfway through another event
+				(file I/O, a shell command, or anything else
+				that takes time). Example: >lua
+
+				-- Query the terminal palette for the RGB value of color 1
+				-- (red) using OSC 4
+				vim.api.nvim_create_autocmd('TermResponse', {
+				  once = true,
+				  callback = function(args)
+				    local resp = args.data
+				    local r, g, b = resp:match("\x1b%]4;1;rgb:(%w+)/(%w+)/(%w+)")
+				  end,
+				})
+				io.stdout:write("\x1b]4;1;?\x1b\\")
+<
 							*TextChanged*
 TextChanged			After a change was made to the text in the
 				current buffer in Normal mode.  That is after

runtime/doc/eval.txt

@@ -2318,18 +2318,10 @@ v:t_string	Value of |String| type.  Read-only.  See: |type()|
 v:t_blob	Value of |Blob| type.  Read-only.  See: |type()|
 
 				*v:termresponse* *termresponse-variable*
-v:termresponse	The escape sequence returned by the terminal for the DA
-		(request primary device attributes) control sequence.  It is
-		set when Vim receives an escape sequence that starts with ESC
-		[ or CSI and ends in a 'c', with only digits, ';' and '.' in
-		between.
-		When this option is set, the TermResponse autocommand event is
-		fired, so that you can react to the response from the
-		terminal.
-		The response from a new xterm is: "<Esc>[ Pp ; Pv ; Pc c".  Pp
-		is the terminal type: 0 for vt100 and 1 for vt220.  Pv is the
-		patch level (since this was introduced in patch 95, it's
-		always 95 or bigger).  Pc is always zero.
+v:termresponse	The value of the most recent OSC escape sequence received by
+		Nvim from the terminal. This can be read in a |TermResponse|
+		event handler after querying the terminal using another escape
+		sequence.
 
 					*v:testing* *testing-variable*
 v:testing	Must be set before using `test_garbagecollect_now()`.

runtime/doc/news.txt

@@ -205,6 +205,9 @@ The following new APIs and features were added.
 • Added |vim.base64.encode()| and |vim.base64.decode()| for encoding and decoding
   strings using Base64 encoding.
 
+• The |TermResponse| autocommand event can be used with |v:termresponse| to
+  read escape sequence responses from the terminal.
+
 ==============================================================================
 CHANGED FEATURES                                                 *news-changed*
 

runtime/doc/vim_diff.txt

@@ -567,6 +567,8 @@ Working directory (Vim implemented some of these after Nvim):
 Autocommands:
 - Fixed inconsistent behavior in execution of nested autocommands:
   https://github.com/neovim/neovim/issues/23368
+- |TermResponse| is fired for any OSC sequence received from the terminal,
+  instead of the Primary Device Attributes response. |v:termresponse|
 
 ==============================================================================
 Missing features					 *nvim-missing*

runtime/lua/vim/_meta/api.lua

@@ -2059,6 +2059,17 @@ function vim.api.nvim_ui_set_focus(gained) end
 --- @param value any
 function vim.api.nvim_ui_set_option(name, value) end
 
+--- Tells Nvim when a terminal event has occurred.
+--- The following terminal events are supported:
+---
+--- • "osc_response": The terminal sent a OSC response sequence to Nvim. The
+---   payload is the received OSC sequence.
+---
+---
+--- @param event string Event name
+--- @param value any
+function vim.api.nvim_ui_term_event(event, value) end
+
 --- @param width integer
 --- @param height integer
 function vim.api.nvim_ui_try_resize(width, height) end

src/nvim/api/ui.c

@@ -16,6 +16,7 @@
 #include "nvim/api/ui.h"
 #include "nvim/autocmd.h"
 #include "nvim/channel.h"
+#include "nvim/eval.h"
 #include "nvim/event/loop.h"
 #include "nvim/event/wstream.h"
 #include "nvim/globals.h"
@@ -524,6 +525,32 @@ void nvim_ui_pum_set_bounds(uint64_t channel_id, Float width, Float height, Floa
   ui->pum_pos = true;
 }
 
+/// Tells Nvim when a terminal event has occurred.
+///
+/// The following terminal events are supported:
+///
+///   - "osc_response": The terminal sent a OSC response sequence to Nvim. The
+///                     payload is the received OSC sequence.
+///
+/// @param channel_id
+/// @param event Event name
+/// @param payload Event payload
+/// @param[out] err Error details, if any.
+void nvim_ui_term_event(uint64_t channel_id, String event, Object value, Error *err)
+  FUNC_API_SINCE(12) FUNC_API_REMOTE_ONLY
+{
+  if (strequal("osc_response", event.data)) {
+    if (value.type != kObjectTypeString) {
+      api_set_error(err, kErrorTypeValidation, "osc_response must be a string");
+      return;
+    }
+
+    const String osc_response = value.data.string;
+    set_vim_var_string(VV_TERMRESPONSE, osc_response.data, (ptrdiff_t)osc_response.size);
+    apply_autocmds_group(EVENT_TERMRESPONSE, NULL, NULL, false, AUGROUP_ALL, NULL, NULL, &value);
+  }
+}
+
 static void flush_event(UIData *data)
 {
   if (data->cur_event) {

src/nvim/tui/input.c

@@ -11,6 +11,7 @@
 #include "nvim/api/private/helpers.h"
 #include "nvim/ascii.h"
 #include "nvim/charset.h"
+#include "nvim/eval.h"
 #include "nvim/event/defs.h"
 #include "nvim/log.h"
 #include "nvim/macros.h"
@@ -479,6 +480,8 @@ static void tk_getkeys(TermInput *input, bool force)
           }
         }
       }
+    } else if (key.type == TERMKEY_TYPE_OSC) {
+      handle_osc_event(input, &key);
     }
   }
 
@@ -684,6 +687,29 @@ HandleState handle_background_color(TermInput *input)
   return kComplete;
 }
 
+static void handle_osc_event(TermInput *input, const TermKeyKey *key)
+{
+  assert(input);
+
+  const char *str = NULL;
+  if (termkey_interpret_string(input->tk, key, &str) == TERMKEY_RES_KEY) {
+    assert(str != NULL);
+
+    // Send an event to nvim core. This will update the v:termresponse variable and fire the
+    // TermResponse event
+    MAXSIZE_TEMP_ARRAY(args, 2);
+    ADD_C(args, STATIC_CSTR_AS_OBJ("osc_response"));
+
+    // libtermkey strips the OSC bytes from the response. We add it back in so that downstream
+    // consumers of v:termresponse can differentiate between OSC and CSI events.
+    StringBuilder response = KV_INITIAL_VALUE;
+    kv_printf(response, "\x1b]%s", str);
+    ADD_C(args, STRING_OBJ(cbuf_as_string(response.items, response.size)));
+    rpc_send_event(ui_client_channel_id, "nvim_ui_term_event", args);
+    kv_destroy(response);
+  }
+}
+
 static void handle_raw_buffer(TermInput *input, bool force)
 {
   HandleState is_paste = kNotApplicable;